In Roman times, what title did Ephesus hold?

• A. The first and greatest metropolis of Asia
• B. The capital of Proconsular Asia
• C. The chief port of the Aegean
• D. A provincial capital

Answer: (A)

This item tests the idea that Ephesus was regarded as the premier urban center in the Roman province of Asia. In ancient terminology, a metropolis is the leading city of a region—an economic, political, and cultural hub. Ephesus earned the epithet “the first and greatest metropolis of Asia” because its size, wealth, and influence stood out in Asia Minor: a superb harbor, thriving commerce, a famous temple (Artemis), and a central role in provincial affairs. That broad prominence is why this title best describes Ephesus, beyond just being a capital or a port. While it did have significant features like a major harbor and at times served in administrative roles, the phrase captures its overall status more precisely than the other descriptors.